*翻译哈佛商业评论经典文章*

万花筒里看成功3

成功的复杂性1

成功不仅仅是一场心跳加速的终点冲刺。我们的研究发现了要获得持续性成功的四个基本要素：

幸福感（对你的生活感到快乐或者满足）；
成就感（有其他人为之奋斗的相似的成就）；
意义（你能自己感觉到你对你所关心的人产生了积极的影响）
传承（用你自己建立价值观和获得成就的方法帮助他人在未来获得成功）

这是人们在追求和享受成功过程中，基本的四个要素。缺少其中任何一点，就不再感觉像是“真正的”成功了。举个例子，如果你因为精通于解决某一商业问题而暴富，但是你却不能从中感受到快乐，你会觉得自己成功吗？如果你在打造自己成功的基础的时候疏忽了你的家人和朋友，你会觉得成功的有意义吗？如果你放弃自己的事业转而做一个全职的父母，那你是否充分挖掘了自己才能？就像长期吃四种一样的食物你会没法得到满足，同样的，如果你只为这四个要素的每个要素设立一个目标，你也无法长期的获得满足。这就是为什么你不能将你的生活进行简单的分类-从自身寻找快乐，从工作寻找成就感，从家庭里寻找意义，从社区寻找传承。

除非你能稳定的在四个方面都有所得，否则任何单方面的成功都无法产生满足感。你知道你在做的事是正确，但你仍然有一种落失感和畏缩感，你会一直想着那些你能做到或者得到的东西。你的成就感和幸福感几乎在你想到这些的一瞬间就消失了。相比之下，涵盖所有四种要素的成功是充实的，也是持久的。你可以在一件事情中满足这四种要素，也能通过多个活动来满足这四个要素。在压力太大的时候抽出时间休息，或是在追求自己的目标时，偶然停下做做回馈社区的活动，这些都是很好的例子。

如果你回想一下是什么构成了你生命中持久满足的时刻-也许你会惊奇的发现，是在你日常练习音乐的时候（与你在工作或家里的主要任务相比，这可能是微不足道的）。日积月累，该活动对这四种方面的要素都有加强作用。乐器使我们感到放松和愉悦（幸福感），如果要熟练掌握它并不容易（成就），当你加入一个乐队并与其他乐队同台竞技，或者为社区医院举办一场音乐会，演奏乐器这件事就会变得更加的有意义（意义）。那些将这种“次要”的职业技能传承给下一代（比如说通过招募或者培训年轻的音乐家），为他们提供类似成功机会的人，会从所谓的爱好中找到更深层次的成就感。

Success That Lasts 3

The Complexity of Success 1

Success involves more than a heart-pounding race to the finish line. Our research uncovered four irreducible components of enduring success: happiness (feelings of pleasure or contentment about your life); achievement (accomplishments that compare favorably against similar goals others have strived for); significance (the sense that you’ve made a positive impact on people you care about); and legacy (a way to establish your values or accomplishments so as to help others find future success).

These four categories form the basic structure of what people try to gain through the pursuit and enjoyment of success. Take away any one component, and it no longer feels like “real” success. If you were wildly wealthy because you had mastered a certain business problem but couldn’t experience pleasure, for instance, would you consider yourself successful? If building your power base kept you from being there for others, would your success feel morally right? If you left your career to be a full-time parent, would you have enough of an outlet for your talents? Just as a steady diet of the same four foods would hardly be satisfying over the long term, the four components of success cannot be satisfied by the presence of a single flavor in each category. That is why you cannot neatly categorize the realms of your life, assigning happiness to self, achievement to work, significance to family, legacy to community.

Unless you hit on all four categories with regularity, any one win will fail to satisfy. You’ll experience what we call the “wince factor”: You know you’re doing what is right, but it still feels like a loss. You’re preoccupied with thoughts of the other things you could be doing or getting. Your achievements and pleasures fade almost as soon as they occur. By contrast, success that encompasses all four kinds of accomplishment is enriching; it endures. You can create this synergy within a single event, but you can also create it through a juxtaposition of activities. Taking time out in the middle of a high-stress period or stopping to give back to the community while in the midst of pursuing your most self-advancing goals are good examples of this.

If you think about what constitutes a moment of lasting satisfaction in your own life—maybe it’s your daily practice of a musical instrument—it may be surprisingly trivial in comparison with your major commitments at work or at home. The activity draws force from accomplishing something distinctive in each of the four categories over time. The musical instrument provides release and pleasure (happiness), it is a challenge to master and build on (achievement), and it becomes even more fulfilling when you join a band that competes with other bands or play concerts at hospitals (significance). Those who also turn these “lesser” vocations into legacies that build the same opportunity for the next generation—say, through getting involved in recruiting and training younger musicians—will find an even deeper sense of success from so-called hobbies.

See you tomorrow